Indications:
Dilcontin XL 90mg is indicated for the treatment of:

• Hypertension (high blood pressure)

• Chronic stable angina pectoris

• Certain types of arrhythmias, including supraventricular tachycardia 

  Pharmacology:

Diltiazem, the active ingredient, is a calcium channel blocker that inhibits the influx of calcium ions during membrane depolarization in cardiac and vascular smooth muscle. This results in vasodilation and decreased myocardial contractility, leading to reduced blood pressure and alleviation of angina symptoms. 

Dosage:

• Adults: Typically, 90 mg once or twice daily. Dosage may be adjusted based on patient response.

• Elderly or patients with hepatic/renal impairment: Initiate at lower doses and adjust cautiously. 

Administration:
Take orally with or without food. Swallow the tablet whole; do not crush or chew. 

Interaction:
Dilcontin XL 90mg may interact with:

• Beta-blockers (e.g., propranolol)

• Digoxin

• CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers (e.g., rifampin, erythromycin)

• Statins (e.g., simvastatin) 

Contraindications:

• Hypersensitivity to diltiazem

• Sick sinus syndrome (except in the presence of a functioning ventricular pacemaker)

• Second- or third-degree AV block (except with a pacemaker)

• Severe hypotension

• Acute myocardial infarction with pulmonary congestion 

Side Effects:
Common side effects include:

• Dizziness

• Headache

• Nausea

• Edema (swelling)

• Fatigue

• Bradycardia (slow heart rate) 

Pregnancy & Lactation:

• Pregnancy: Use only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

• Lactation: Diltiazem is excreted in breast milk; caution is advised. 

Precautions & Warnings:

• Monitor blood pressure and heart rate regularly.

• Use with caution in patients with hepatic or renal impairment.

• Avoid abrupt withdrawal to prevent rebound hypertension or angina. 

Therapeutic Class:
Calcium Channel Blockers (Non-dihydropyridine)

Storage Conditions:
Store below 30°C in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight. Keep out of reach of children